Sains Malaysiana 53(9)(2024): 3071-3083

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5309-13

Synergistic Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Cirsium arvense against Black Scurf Disease of Potato

(Kesan Sinergi Pertumbuhan Tumbuhan Menggalakkan Rizobakteria dan Cirsium arvense terhadap Penyakit Scurf Hitam Kentang)

KARAMAT ALI ZOHAIB, UZMA BASHIR*, IQRA HAIDER KHAN, ARSHAD JAVAID & WAHEED ANWAR

Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan

Received: 31 January 2024/Accepted: 6 July 2024

Abstract

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important cash crop of Pakistan. Black scurf of potato is a very important disease that is caused by Rhizoctonia solaniKühn. In this study, management of black scurf of potato was done through biocontrol method by using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and dry biomass of a weed, Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. In vitro antagonistic interactions were carried out to assess the potential of two strains of PGPR namely Bacillus megaterium ZMR6 and Pseudomonas fluorescence PF180 against the fungal growth. P. flourescensshowed marked antagonistic activity causing 65% reduction in growth of the fungus as compared to 43% reduction due to B. megaterium. Likewise, in laboratory bioassays, methanolic extract of 2, 4 and 6% concentrations of leaf, stem, and root of C. arvense reduced biomass of R. solaniby 64-71%, 42-53% and 26-47%, respectively. In pot experiment, the two PGPR species and different doses of C. arvensedry biomass (CDB) viz. 1, 2 and 3% (w/w) were used as soil amendment separately as well as in combination to control the disease. There were 13 treatments, which included a negative control; a positive control (R. solanionly); 1, 2 and 3% CDB (separately) together with R. solani, two PGPR species (separately) plus R. solani; different combinations of two PGPR species and CDB together with R. solani. Potato variety Sante was used as test plant. The highest disease incidence (91%) and disease severity (rating scale 4) were observed in positive control (with R. solani only). R. solanisignificantly reduced biomass of tubers by 52% over negative control. All the treatments significantly enhanced tuber biomass by 18-166% over positive control. The best combination was 3% CDB + P. florescence where minimum disease incidence (3%) and severity (mean disease rating 0.2) were recorded. This treatment also showed the highest tubers yield that was 29% and 166% higher as compared to negative and positive control treatments, respectively. It concluded that P. florescence in combination with 3% dry biomass of C. arvensecan control black scurf disease and enhance potato yield.

Keywords: Bacillus megaterium; black scurf; Cirsium arvense; potato; PGPR; Pseudomonas fluorescence

Abstrak

Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) ialah tanaman kontan yang penting di Pakistan. Scurf hitam kentang adalah penyakit yang sangat penting yang disebabkan oleh Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Dalam kajian ini, pengurusan scurf hitam kentang dilakukan melalui kaedah biokawalan dengan menggunakan rizobakteria penggalak pertumbuhan tumbuhan (PGPR) dan biojisim kering rumpai, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Interaksi antagonis in vitro telah dijalankan untuk menilai potensi dua strain PGPR iaitu Bacillus megaterium ZMR6 dan Pseudomonas fluorescence PF180 terhadap pertumbuhan kulat. P. flourescens menunjukkan aktiviti antagonis yang ketara menyebabkan 65% pengurangan dalam pertumbuhan kulat berbanding pengurangan 43% disebabkan oleh B. megaterium. Begitu juga, dalam bioasai makmal, ekstrak metanol 2, 4 dan 6% kepekatan daun, batang dan akar C. arvense mengurangkan biojisim R. solani masing-masing sebanyak 64-71%, 42-53% dan 26-47%. Dalam uji kaji pasu, dua spesies PGPR dan dos berbeza C. arvense biojisim kering (CDB) iaitu 1, 2 dan 3% (b/b) digunakan sebagai pindaan tanah secara berasingan serta dalam gabungan untuk mengawal penyakit. Terdapat 13 rawatan, termasuk kawalan negatif; kawalan positif (R. solani sahaja); 1, 2 dan 3% CDB (berasingan) bersama R. solani, dua spesies PGPR (berasingan) ditambah R. solani; gabungan berbeza dua spesies PGPR dan CDB bersama R. solani. Varieti kentang Sante digunakan sebagai tumbuhan uji. Insiden penyakit tertinggi (91%) dan keterukan penyakit (skala penarafan 4) diperhatikan dalam kawalan positif (dengan R. solani sahaja). R. solani dengan ketara mengurangkan biojisim ubi sebanyak 52% berbanding kawalan negatif. Semua rawatan meningkatkan biojisim ubi dengan ketara sebanyak 18-166% berbanding kawalan positif. Gabungan terbaik ialah 3% CDB + P. florescence dengan kejadian penyakit minimum (3%) dan keterukan (min rating penyakit 0.2) direkodkan. Rawatan ini juga menunjukkan hasil ubi yang paling tinggi masing-masing iaitu 29% dan 166% lebih tinggi berbanding rawatan kawalan negatif dan positif. Ia membuat kesimpulan bahawa P. florescence dalam gabungan dengan 3% biojisim kering C. arvense boleh mengawal penyakit scurf hitam dan meningkatkan hasil kentang.

Kata kunci: Bacillus megaterium; Cirsium arvense; kentang; PGPR; Pseudomonas fluorescence; scurf hitam

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*Corresponding author; email: uzma.iags@pu.edu.pk